in bringing together these dose to a dozen portraits of 20th century leaders of political change, Dr. Khalid Sohail provides a fascinating glimpse into the factors that led these men into choosing between violent and peaceful approaches. Dr. Sohail is to be congratulated for attempting to use the complex otpsychological-political-contextual nexus to shed light on the similarities and differences that led these men-and they are al men-to their choices. In shaping the creative expressions of these agents of change, a rebellious personality deeply committed to societal change emerges as an interesting common factor just as important as the vast dissimilarities of the
exigencies of their political contexts. As a sobering thought, peaceful change comes through as isolated islands, and mostly ineffectual, in the otherwise violent sea of political change during the century, When violence was chosen by the leaders, whether or not it was as "the last resort" it is seen by the author as the key question, and the volume provides rich material to shed light on it as well as on the ethics of the "ends-versusmeanV debate-a timely debate in the terrorist-ridden politics of the first decade of the 21st century.

— Dr. Abrar Hassan
Head, Educational Policy Division,
Director for Education, Organization for Economic C-operation
and Development. Paris (Contributed in a personal capacity)